Writing An Effective Ad Copy

Whenever I plan to write anything on advertising it means that I want to sell a commodity, product or services. It can be anything like organizing people for any event in the town, want to sell any package for touring or want to sell anything online like handicrafts item. It can be anything if you want to sell. The objective of any advertising copy is just to sell to generate the business for the company. It is not always that money bothers a company but creating an amazing brand in the market is also important.

Business is always established with the motto of growth and prosperity. If the effective ad copy will not be designed to promote the business how the company can gain the business in long terms.

There is no algorithm or the formula which is available for designing an effective copy till now. Every content writer has its own style of writing an effective ad copy. So, he should follow that style in the early phases of designing that ad copy. But one thing is very clear that you have to grab the attention of the readers. Now the ball is in your court now the readers will read what you want them to read in advertising the copy.

Clear with the objective

Your objective should be very clear when you start your writing. If you are not clear in the beginning how will you able to fetch the more audiences from your writings. What you can do is that you can make the short notes for that advertising copy.

Start with subheadings and headings

What ever you write, write them very carefully as you are writing an ad and people watch so may ads in a day. Attractive headlines or subheadings will make them to read further. Choosing an appropriate heading will give your reader a fair idea of what the remaining copy comprises of. You can write an attention grabbing headline so that people should react on that. There reaction will be your satisfaction.

Specific Details

I will suggest to all my readers who are planning to write an ad copy that they try to be very specific with all the details their clients are looking. People look for specific details they are with lack of time. If you are able to communicate them about your product or services they will log on to some another product or service. Try to make it very interesting.

Audiences Voice

Write what your readers want to read not what you want them to read. You will choose their language their understanding level only then your copy will be successful. I am not saying that you have to learn a new language but you have to provide them knowledge as they are seeking. Have you ever see the Nokia Company as their punch line describe everything "Connecting People". They don't have to tell people that our intention is to connect you with all your loved ones. There are so many ad copies which can give you ample amount of ideas.

Using sharp words

Using sharp words like "Making Money", "Save Your Future", "loose weight in just two weeks", "Decor your House in $ 50" sells your products. Tell them the company is offering the beneficial plans for them if they will utilize the plans they will never be in loss. Never try to show big pictures to them which are not possible or fruitful to them.

Give them Solution

A reader looks solution in ads. They do not want to read your abilities as a writer. We all need immediate solutions. Being a user or seeker for a product or service our purpose is how it can help us and how it can make our life easier. So, give a solution.

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Technical Writing - How to Auto Format Your Technical Document With MS Word

MS Word has a powerful "auto format" function that you should take advantage of as a technical writer when writing your technical documents.

To set up the auto correct options, select Tools AutoCorrect Options... from the main menu of your MS Word to display the AutoCorrect dialog box.

Click and select the AutoFormat tab.

Here are the check boxes that you can use to format your text automatically:

Apply Built-in Heading Styles - Select this check box to use Word's built-in 9 heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.). You can edit these styles to meet the specific needs of your document.

Apply List Styles - Select this check box to use Word's built-in list styles.

Apply Automatic bulleted lists - Select this check box to automatically assign bullets to the items in a bulleted list, by taking the first bullet as reference.

Apply Other paragraph styles - Select this check box to automatically determine the indents and spacing of your paragraphs on the basis of the other similar paragraph styles you use in your document.

Replace "Straight Quotes" with "Smart Quotes" - Select this to replace the straight quotations marks with curly ones. Many article marketing sites (including EzineArticles) discourage the use of Word's "smart quotes" and recommend the "straight quotes" for properly online display.

Replace Ordinals (1st) with superscript - Select for a more professional look.

Replace Fractions (1/2) with fraction character - Select for a more professional look.

Replace Hyphens (--) with Dash (-) - Select for a more professional look.

Replace *Bold* and _italic_ with real formatting - Select to format your words in bold and italic as you type, without the need to stop for additional formatting action.

Replace Internet and network paths with hyperlinks - Select to automatically convert URL strings into clickable hotlinks.

Select Preserve Styles to keep your own custom styles in the current document and prevent automatic application of other paragraph formats.

Select Always Autoformat Plain Text WordMail Documents to format your email messages automatically by using MS Word.

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Get Creative With Different Essay Styles

School years are never complete without those numerous essay assignments that teachers keep handing out. It is safe to say that a number of students even developed a considerable amount of stress and hair-pulling antics, what with all the demands of original ideas and smooth compositions.

Indeed, it gets old after a time, not to mention extremely difficult, to keep on coming up with creative ideas for an article. One recommended guide then to make all these a little easier on the mind is by browsing the different essay forms. Indeed, by learning the different styles, the student can be steered on the various approaches that one can make in essay writing, thus infusing a fresh angle to the material.

Here are four styles of essay writing:

Narrative

The narrative approach, as the term implies, recounts a story. It can be a personal incident worthy of retelling, or a fictional experience based on a hyperactive imagination. But whatever the case, the resulting essay demands a rich level of vividness that should capture readers into the story. It is not enough that the readers simply understand the narrative, it should be engaging enough that said readers cannot help but get caught up in the drama (or the humor) of it all.

How can this be accomplished? The one great tip is to infuse essays with sensory details. A doggy breath smell, the bittersweet taste of dark chocolates, the red and purple rays of the sunset; these are all graphic descriptions that automatically causes readers to recreate the narration in their heads, thus becoming involved in the storytelling (whether they like it or not).

Comparative

The comparative essay discusses any two subjects. Relatively, the discussion centers on these two subjects' similarities, or differences, or both. Whereas the writer has full control on whether to lead a biased or impartial discussion, it is still recommended in more formal essays that the objective way of discourse be followed. In this way, readers will also impartially perceive all the positive and negative aspects of both sides.

If the comparative essay is meant for entertainment purposes mostly, then by all means, the writer is allowed to write with all the biases that can be mustered.

Persuasive / Argumentative

There is no mistaking what this type of essay aims to do. But just to stress it further, the persuasive or argumentative essay reasons out key points in order to convince readers toward the writer's point of view.

For this form of essay, the material can go from comical to dead-serious deliveries. Indeed, all writing tones are open for the writer, as long as the article does not lose touch of its primary goal of persuading readers on a certain opinion.

Critical

The critical essay tends to be the more solemn of all essay types, and probably the one that requires the most hard work. In this form, the writer focuses on a specific matter, and attempts to nitpick every aspect of that said topic. The analysis normally covers the topic's meaning, methods, objectives, strengths, and weaknesses.

Normally, the critical essay speaks about other creative works. The critique can be about another essay, a film, a book, and a poem, to name a few. From there, the material can begin with a brief overview of what the subject is all about, then followed by the main body of critical points that the writer perceived on the topic at hand.

Only Four, but there's More

These are just four of many essay styles to sustain every student's creative approach to writing. Endeavoring to attempt all forms not only enhances the writer's composition flexibility, it also keeps the reader (the teacher, that is) entertained with all the imaginative unpredictability.

Krista Cornell is a freelance article editor and part-time web designer in Michigan. Her literary loves deviate to themes of nature, history, and the occasional science-fiction novels. When not writing and leasing her deft hands to a graphic arts company, Krista can usually be found trying to reproduce a new Italian recipe she surfed in the internet.

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Medieval Castles - An Essay

Castles remind us of a time that was full of adventure and romance. Castles remind us of a time in history in which there was a lack of government and order. Although there was not mass confusion and anarchy, there was less order. Castles were the basis of feudalism. Castles can be seen as a manifestation of feudal society. Feudalism started with the rise of castles and ended with their end. The castle set the tone as the only homestead that nobility would live in during this time. Castles were influenced by and influenced many medieval cathedrals in Europe. Although castles served many purposes, their primary purpose was military. At that time, people were not protected by merely shutting and locking a regular wooden door. They needed the protection of castles and their knights. The lords and constables of castles needed serfs to work the land to make revenue in order to pay rent to the more important nobles. Given the following evidence, it is relatively obvious why castles and castle building played an instrumental role in the development of Western Europe.

Castles are unique to a time in history known as medieval times. The word medieval in our times is an insult to anything as is the word feudal. Through the haze and ruins, one can imagine dungeons, chivalrous knights, and mighty Lords who ruled the land and protected the common peasant from barbarians and other invaders. The rise of castles marked the rise of feudalism. This was all started by the crusades. The majority of the knights and nobles went to liberate the holy land from the Muslims. The Crusades influenced castle builders back in Europe. Ideas were gathered from Muslim and Byzantine fortifications. Because of the lack of protection in Europe, a castle's strength needed to be increased because of the ever-present threat of a Muslim invasion. The end of Feudalism also marked the end of the middle ages and hence the end of the great castle era.

Castles integrated the combination of residence and fortress. The first castle dates back to King Sargon II of Khorsabad in ancient Egypt. He erected a grand palace for himself to protect him and his subjects. The first recorded references to castles was the Edict of Pistes by Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks. "We will and expressly command that whoever at this time has made castles and fortifications and enclosures without our out permission shall have them demolished by the First of August" (Brown Architecture of Castles 13). Other castle laws were the Norman Institutions handed down by William the Conqueror after he took over England. One law says that no one shall raise castles in Normandy without the Duke's license.

An ideal castle site was one that had natural obstacles for defense such as steep hillsides and water. Castles that were built on rocks or islands were especially effective. An example of this is Bodiam in Sussex which was the home of Sir Edward Dalyngrigge in 1385. A moat offered good protection, but building on a lake or river offered better protection. The site should not be too remote. It should have water and building material readily available nearby. A site should have a good climate, good pasture, and ample fertile land. If a castle had all these things, it would increase its chances of surviving a siege.

A large majority of early castles followed the motte and bailey design. These designs utilized earth and timber. A motte and bailey design is a design where the keep is on a hill or motte behind the bailey which is the open area of the castle similar to a town square. A bridge usually connected the motte to the bailey. The motte was a great mound of earth or rock. Sometimes it was artificial, but the majority of the time it was authentic. At its base there was a deep trench that resembled a moat. This was used as defense. Surrounding the motte was a wall of timber. The motte also contained the keep which is where the lord of the manor and his family lived. The keep was the innermost part of the castle. It was the last defense against attack. The keep has also been referred to as the donjon. This is where the French got the word dungeon meaning the jail or place to hold prisoners. Surrounding the entire premises was a wooden fence that was at least ten feet in height. These wooden stakes were then implanted in the ground for support. The fence sometimes stood upon posts to allow men to get through. During a siege, the perimeter would be covered with wet animal skins to curb the threat of arson. Most motte and bailey castles were built before William the Conqueror's conquest in 1066.

Walter the Archdeacon wrote a biography of John, bishop of Therouanne about 1130. In it he describes Merchem Castle near Dixmude: "There was, near the porch of the church, a fortress which we may call a castle... exceedingly high, built after the custom of that land by the lord of the town many years before. For it is the habit of the magnates and nobles of those parts... to raise a mound of earth as high as they can and surround it with a ditch as broad as possible. The top of this mound they completely enclose with a palisade of hewn logs bound close together like a wall, with towers set in its circuit so far as the site permits. In the middle of the space within the palisade they build a residence, or, dominating everything, keep" (Brown Architecture of Castles 21)

Castle designers saw a need for improvement because wood and earth were not strong and were not effective protection against fire. There was also a need for bigger, grander castles because noble visitors did not travel alone so a castle would have to have enough room for the occasional visitor and his or her group. The architects who designed castles were known as master masons. They saw that stone would be a more effective building material. Although it was cold and hard to work with, it provided the much needed protection against fire. These newer castles are called enclosure castles. Like motte and dailey designs, enclosures castles had a wall protecting the perimeter of the manor. However these castles were not built upon hills or mottes. The keep of the castle was incorporated into the wall surrounding the property. These castles still had a bailey. With this new style of castles came a new construction material. Stone became the only material to build one's castle out of because it made castles much stronger against attack. The tower of London is an example of a masonry castle. The ideal stone for castles was the fine limestone of Caen in Normandy. This limestone was soft when first quarried, but gradually became hard as it was exposed to air. To insulate against the cold stone walls of castles, the women made tapestries for the walls. The tapestries almost always contained a story relating to the castle. One of the most famous tapestries is the Bayeux Tapestry. It depicts the Norman knights before Hastings in 1066. Since they were now using stone, castle builders were able to integrate defenses into the castles.

Castles needed to have defenses. They were not made impregnable. They were made so that it would take an enormous amount of artillery and money to take the castle. They were made so that it would take a large amount of time to take a castle. The castle of Newcastle at Tyne was far from impregnable in 1173, but it was strong enough to make an ill-prepared Scottish King William think twice about a siege: "Well sees the king of Scotland that he will never complete the conquest of Newcastle on Tyne without military engines" (Ibid 80). Some defenses used by castles were machiolations. Machiolations were projecting battlements to protect against arrows and other weapons. They were at the top of the wall surrounding the castle. Arrowslits or arrow loops were slits that were cut into stone to allow sharpshooters a place to shoot. They were angled so that the sharpshooter was protected from oncoming projectiles. Another defense used was Greek fire. This was an incendiary device that was used against wooden attack machines. The ingredients of Greek fire are a mystery. It is thought that it contained some of the following components: crude oil, refined oil, naphtha, pitch, resin, sulfur, quicklime, and bitumen. This deadly mixture was put on an arrow and then shot onto one of the attacking machines and it gave explosive results. Greek fire was probably developed in the seventh century by the Byzantines for naval warfare. Greek fire was a morale builder for the defenders during a siege. The Lord of Joinville described Greek fire as "This Greek fire was suck that seen from the front as it darted towards us it appeared as large as a vessel of verjuice, and the tail of the fire that streamed behind it was as long as the shaft of a great lance. The noise it made in coming was like that of a thunderbolt falling from the skies; it seemed like a dragon flying through the air. The light this huge, flaming mass shed all around it was so bright that you could see right through the camp as clearly as if it were day. Three times that night the enemy slung Greek fire at us from their petraries, and three times they shot it from their arbalestres a tour" (Ibid 88).

Weapons were used against castles during a siege included the trebuchet, mangonel, belfry, ballista, ram, and bore. The trebuchet was a big machine that flung artillery like a catapult. The mangonel was similar to the trebuchet but smaller and more maneuverable. Its strength was based on the tautness of the hemp, rope, or tightly twisted animal sinew. Artillery used by these weapons include rocks, fireballs, and dead animals to spread disease. The belfry was a mobile tower which was built higher than the castle walls in order to scale them during siege. The ballista was essentially a large crossbow that hurled rocks and other large boulders. The ram was a device that did what its name says. It was used to knock the portcullis or gate down. The bore was a device used by the attackers during a tactic known as mining. They mined from their camps to the castle walls. They would set up a support then start a fire to break down the castle walls. The defenders of the castle also used this tactic to counter the attackers siege. They would watch the moat to see the vibrations caused by the attackers shovels. Then they would start a counter mine. This was the most effective tactic used in a siege but it was the most dangerous. It was dark, had contaminated or little air and there was always a threat that the tunnel would cave in or be caved in by the castle's garrison.

Castles were not just fortresses but also residences of the nobility. It is this balance of military and residential qualities which make a castle so different from other fortifications. Castles had all the best furnishings and colors. They had chapels because Europe was a Christian continent. They occasionally had more than one. On the castle property were things like gardens, parks, vineyards, dovecotes, fishponds, mills, and stables. Castle were not as primitive as we think them to be. They had some of the conveniences that we have today. They had a form of a toilet. It was a toilet made of stone. People who wished to use it had to bring some material to protect themselves from the cold stone. The waste would eventually drain to a river by way of an underground pool. These cesspits would often have to be cleaned out by dung farmers.

Not all castles were extravagant fortresses that housed kings and all his subjects. Many castles were just built for the lord, his family and a few servants. Other castles that were not well protected or had no threat of attack were called fortified manors. The design of a castle was taken very seriously by the lords. There is reference to Aubree, wife of the Count of Bayeux, executing on the spot, Lanfred, her master mason after he completed her castle. She did this because she was so pleased with it that she didn't want him to build one like it for anyone else.

Castles were the basis of feudalism. They controlled the land and all within it. A castle was a lord's response to a mounted cavalry charge. Castles were effective centers of military power and territorial lordship whether or not the king or prince was there. Castles are an important part to history. They are phenomenal structures that still influence modern houses today.

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College Admissions Essays that Take 1st Place -A Personal Statement Checklist

Congratulations on your move toward a college degree. And congratulations on seeking support for writing your admissions essay/personal statement. The squeaky motor gets the oil, so you will be slick and running sleekly in a just a few days...in plenty of time to submit and relax before transferring from a community college or crossing over from high school to higher learning.

While the application and entry process is exciting, it is also rigorously demanding... when it comes to writing the prompted essays. But instead of getting intimidated, remember, it is a process with a series of many laps around the track. Do the steps one at a time, on time, and even ahead of time; be just as rigorous as the entry requirements are; and use the following as a checklist throughout the entire personal statement writing process, and you will create a worthy piece of writing that will smoothly slide you right into the institution of your choice.

1. Use that fine machine (your head): get ahead, start ahead.

___Start early. If the application and essay are due in three months, start working on it in two.

2. Start small.

___If the task seems overwhelming, choose an easy, quick, or interesting part of the task. Then you will have a momentum that will push you forward into the larger, more time consuming tasks. For example, you know your name, address, and (maybe) what you want to major in. Fill out the application.

3. Read X3 before you start to build.

___The first time, read the directions and the prompt choices for the personal statement(s) you have to write as if you are reading a magazine for fun.

___The second time, read the prompt choices as if you are reading a catalog and shopping for the one (best) item (prompt). Choose the one topic that you feel you have the most to write on, the one you like, the one you are drawn to.

___The third time, read with a highlighter or pen: highlight or underline the key words in the prompt's introductory sentences and the key action words (those words that tell you to do something). For example, if the prompt reads as follows, you would mark it like this [I use brackets here for highlighting]:

...Is there [anything] you would like us to know [about you or your academic record] that you have not had the opportunity to [describe] elsewhere in this application? What is [your intended major]? [Discuss] [how your interest in the field developed] and [describe] any [experience you have had in the field] - such as volunteer work, internships and employment - and what you have gained from your involvement....

4. Make notes...and make them visible.

___You now have the (five, here) parts to list on a big piece of paper or cardboard that you then prop up or tape up on your wall or pc. (I always do this--tape the required points on my computer; then I can constantly refer to it as I am writing. It keeps me on track--on topic.)

5. Consider your audience.

___As with any writing, you decide your tone based on who will be reading the work. In this case, you are submitting to a committee of readers who read stacks and stacks of these things. So...

6. Be real. Be honest. Be engaging. Be positive. Be fresh.

I know, I know. I hate it too when someone tells me to be myself. (Who else would I be?) The point is to avoid pretense, avoid b.s. (lies), and avoid whining, begging, and angry, bitter, resentful tirades.
The readers want to know who you are, how you would fit, and what you would bring to the university.

___Brainstorm a list of true details, writing them on the left side of a piece of paper. On the right side, note next to each item how that makes you a perfect candidate for the place. (The left side is negative, too. The right side is the balance, turning the negatives into positives.)

7. Engage.

Granted, when we writers begin drafting, we may not necessarily begin with the opening paragraph. We scribble the lines we remember, the body, the conclusion, topic sentences, important buzz words, or anything else that comes to mind. But when you do get to the opener, it must be as outstanding, alluring, inviting, and original as possible.

I promise I know what I'm talking about here. As a/an (former) Associate Professor of college English, I assisted hundreds of students with both graduate and undergraduate application packets and processes--teaching workshops on the entrance essays, tutoring students in the complete process in the colleges' learning centers, even receiving students in my home (where they still continue to approach me for consultation and support).

So I have seen/see many students get accepted to Berkeley, Cornell, Stanford, State, and other private and public institutions--based on their essays, which I helped them to write and (ugh) rewrite using the standards and guidelines of the major institutions of higher learning (and this handy manual of caveats I have compiled over the years). And those essays start with unique, engaging intros--that follow these tricks:

___Get rid of all abstractions (now also considered clichés in the academic arena...since they have been driven into the ground by overuse). Avoid using the "success" "achieve" "lifelong dream" terms, words, and phrases. The panel knows you want/need these. They expect it is a given, and would probably have group heart attacks if someone wrote he/she was applying to be unsuccessful, to achieve nothing, and to listlessly idle, having no dream whatsoever. (Okay, you get my point, right?)

___Erase the "I am an immigrant who needs to make my parents proud" clichés. (I promise you, this strategy is empty and useless. I have received students needing entry essay help who are immigrants, children of immigrants, products of immigrant DNA, victims of immigrant mentality....every first draft I read started with this kind of intro. And I've only helped about 500 students with this exact same opener. Imagine the weary tsk-ing and head shaking of the board member who reads thousands!)

The bottom line is this: asking to be admitted because you experienced--and are slamming the board with--a number of boo-hoo poor me hardships is the same as going to a job interview and answering questions about what skills you bring to the job by crying that you need to feed your kids. How does your need qualify you? It doesn't.

___And/or, forget the "I was neglected, abused, poor, hungry, ugly, fat..." opener. Same lecture as above applies here, too. Unless...

___You can turn the negative into a positive. If you have to be real, and the victim thing is part of your story, show how that pain/struggle/torture contributed to who you are today and to what you bring to the school. But do it later in the essay and do it in passing, in mention, in brief...and then move on. So, how do you open a personal statement?

___ By opening the essays with a metaphor, a narrative, or appropriate facts and statistics that will make the essay(s) stand out, appeal to the board, and give those readers something interesting...you have a better chance of them saying to each other, "Hey, did you read that Joe Blow essay?" and of them putting it in the "YES" pile.

Consider this: what running theme(s) would best represent you? For example, would you, like Helen Zhang did, use a water metaphor to represent your immigrating from a country where you were going with the flow of running your own company, then moved to a country where you started over, re-built the ship from scratch, beat the hell out of those choppy stormy seas, and are now sailing, headed for helping others to row to safe shores?

Or would you, like Celestino Garcia, use a food/feeding metaphor to show how getting your fingers broken by a cruel (and insane) uncle who then forced you to do farm work and refused to feed you has instead driven you to culinary school, to prepare lovely meals for feeding today's children even worse off than he was without food?

Or do you prefer to open with a description, as Sarah Choi did, for example, of living in the projects, looking through a cracked window at the police lights every night you sat to do grade school homework--till one day you made it out, still keeping in mind (and writing it back in at the end of your essay) the sirens and lights and project life from whence you came, so you can, when you graduate, return to the projects and aid others in escaping the flashing lights and flashes of gunfire?

8. You've got their attention. Now make your point. Boldly.

___Here's where your thesis comes in. Once you have used an original description, metaphor, statistic, fact, or definition to open, wrap up the intro with a declarative, confident statement. For example,

"This is why I want to attend Oxford." will not help you make your way into Oxford. Again, it's obvious you want to attend/be accepted, and that's not reason enough to be accepted.

But "With this experience, with excellent grades, with a steady volunteer record, and with a pro-active attitude, I will make dynamic, positive, and supportive contributions to the community at Oxford, and later, to the community at large." will give you the horsepower you need to finish the essay and to get accepted.

9. You've done the hard part. Follow through to the finish.

___The body of your essay will now have the theme/line of reasoning it needs to follow. If it helps, print the thesis in large lettering, and tape this up, too. It is the main point you will now prove with examples of

__your g.p.a.

__your outstanding performance awards

__your volunteer experience (where, when, etc.)

__your tutoring, interning, or work-related experience

__your influences/reasons for getting into the field

__any points the prompt asks for

10. Accelerate using anything you have/know/have done.

The support (body of the essay) is most important nowadays, to give you the boost you need to compete. For instance, a number of schools/majors are impacted. Computers and business, for example, have students neck-and-neck in fierce competition for a seat in the department.

So when there are 500 applicants with the same 4.0 g.p.a, the same awards, and the same backgrounds and work experience, you need to use facts (no b.s., made-up stuff) that will give you the extra speed. This is why tutoring tales help. This is where volunteering cranks up the volume. This is where you use what you can to race ahead. As long as it's truth-based. If they ask for two letters of recommendation, send three. If they ask for one way you will contribute to the university, give them two: you will help in the department, assisting the professors (for free); and you will tutor those struggling in a (related) subject you are fortunate to do well in.

10. But how do you come in 1st and keep the rules of the road?

Here's where revising, revising, and revising again comes in. First, write all you can, all you want, all you know. Then, go back and check those instructions. How many pages must you use? What size font?

___Usually, you have a page limit that you must not go over.

___At the same time, you must cover 3-4 areas in your essay.

___Follow the instructions--to...the...letter. (This will also give you an advantage, for the instructions are there not just to get to know you but to test whether you are adept at following instructions.)

___Don't give the readers any excuse/reason to eliminate you.

___Tighten your text. This is covered in the Mechanics section below.

11. Keep that machine well-oiled: use your pit mechanics.

___Revise the opener. Make sure it is fresh, engaging, relevant.

___Revise the thesis. Be sure it's complete and expresses the general point.

___Revise the body (supporting evidence). Check that it addresses part of the prompt. (This is another "test"--does the applicant cover all parts of the question?)

___Rev. the paragraphs and transitions between paragraphs. Be sure each is coherent, and that all are organized and connected, and therefore easy to follow.

___Rev. the sentences. Use variety. Combine sentences for rhythm and flow.

___Rev. the diction. Get rid of useless words, extra words, abstract words. This is where you will be able to shorten the essay.

___Revise the spelling. Do not rely on the pc spellchecker! It is two e-z to Miss homonyms and readers will not be able to bare it!

___Revise the punctuation. Get a tutor for this if you need to.

___Use human mechanics, too. We have brains that are set up so perfectly that they do this thing called hypercorrection. So when we read our own drafts, our brains insist on automatically correcting and reading as correct text that has errors in it. How do you fix this? Have someone else read the work aloud. You listen carefully. When the reader stumbles, pauses, or does a "Wha...?" double-take, you stop the reader, catch the error, and change it, right then and there, in the pit stop. Before you mail it--again--re-read and revise. Re-read and revise.

___12. Mail the entry--the application (with nothing left blank), the check (not blank), and the essay (cleaned and polished)--before the deadline...

in plenty of time for the university readers to read it, laugh over it, cry over it (which does happen--I have cried over the top essays that got Sarah, Tino, Helen, and many others into law school, computer tech school, business school, and more), and except you...I mean, accept you.

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Technical Writing - Definition of Target Audience

As a technical writer, you seldom write in a vacuum. For whatever type of document you're writing, there is a designated Target Audience.

Depending on the assignment, the target audience can be very broad: everyone who buys a Harper's Handy Home Widget, or it can be very specific: aerospace mold makers using a TRF-3 Tri-axel Reciprocating Fulminator. When you write, you must write to a defined target audience.

The easiest target audience to write for is the most clearly and narrowly defined one. As the target audience becomes less specific, the tech writer's job becomes more difficult.

General Characteristics of a Target Audience

Every target audience shares common characteristics. Normally, your client knows what those characteristics are and gives them to you. In some rare cases, you may need to research the target audience to discover what makes it a target. Some common, shared characteristics are:

• Age
• Gender
• Location
• Occupation
• Income
• Education
• Interests

You'll notice that these are the same characteristics taken into consideration by marketing companies. For the tech writer, though, there are other characteristics that may be even more important than these.

Specific Characteristics of a Target Audience

When writing procedures it's important that you understand what the target audience already knows about the subject. From that, you can decide at what level you need to begin and how much information you need to supply.

In the case of a common, household appliance, such as a toaster, you can tell from the manufacturer's target market who the target audience is likely to be. If the product is going to be sold in the US in large department and appliance stores, you can pretty safely assume that the people who buy it already know what a toaster is, what it does, and how to use it. They know it's an electrical device that has to be plugged into a 110v outlet. If it's like most toasters, it has a slot for each slice of bread and a control of some sort that determines how well done the toast is. Obviously, you don't spend much time on these elements.

If the toaster has a setting for toasting only one side of bagels and English muffins, you want to be sure that the user knows about this feature and how to use it. Not all toasters have settings for frozen waffles or tarts. This needs to be clearly explained.

What you're doing is deciding what the user already knows and what he or she will need to be taught. Of course, there are the standard Warnings and Disclaimers that are usually written as though the user was either five-years-old or a complete idiot.

On the other end of the scale is writing for a very narrow or specialized audience. Again, the client should supply you with information. But whether that happens or not, it's your job to find out the salient characteristics of the target audience. You need to ask:

• Who will use the product?
• Under what conditions?
• What is the user's expertise, training, level of experience?

Fortunately, that's often easier the more specialized the target audience is.

If you're writing about an improved model of a testing device, you can probably assume that the technician using it is already trained in the subject and has experience using the current device. Unless the operation is significantly different, the focus will be on how the new model is different from the old model.

Generally Speaking...

The same standards apply regardless of what type of material you're writing. You'll write a technical report or a brochure depending on who's going to read it. It's only after you have a clear understanding of who the target audience is that you can begin to plan the approach and develop the content for any writing assignment.

If you can write a simple sentence in English and organize your thoughts then technical writing may be a rewarding field. You can easily make it a second income stream in your spare time.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the average salary for technical writers is $60,380. Freelance technical writers can make from $30 to $70 per hour.

The field of technical writing is like a golden city. It's filled with wealth, rewards and opportunities. After learning technical writing you can branch out into business writing, marketing writing and communications writing. All of these can become additional income streams.

But to succeed you must learn how to market yourself to clients. You have to prove to them that you are an invaluable asset. That's where ProTech - Your Fast Track to Becoming a Successful Technical Writer can help. It's a technical writing course that does two equally important things:

1. It teaches you the skills to become a technical writer in the shortest time frame. You'll learn to create manuals, procedures, tutorials, processes, proposals, spec sheets and other documents that businesses need.

2. It shows you how to market yourself to clients so you can start your income stream as soon as possible.

In fact, you'll get a complete marketing toolkit which has templates and technical writing job sites to get started immediately!

You can download two sample lessons by clicking the link below.

This could be your chance to create a prosperous future.

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Thesis Writing

Ten Steps to the Perfect Research Paper Outline!

Several professors will teach you newer and better techniques for research and analysis which will reflect on your writing style. If you like something your teacher taught you then include it in your outline for future assignments. But here are a few ways that you can spice up a basic summary to prepare a custom one.

Step 1 Choose Your Topic carefully as this will influence your summary. Before you can formulate your outline almost all of your topic selection should be over. You should have a final topic in hand with almost all of the references required for the topic to be written. Get all the references and bibliographies organized in a separate book so that you don't lose any ideas. Narrow down your references and bibliography till you have a focused central question which is you can provide a solution for!

Step 2 Locate Information and store in a single location. Try to locate references from varied sources like encyclopedias and web science sites which have the most reliable information and sources. You can also try to use almanacs, science publications, scholarly journals, manuscripts, magazines, but do not use magazine articles and critics views as your own as they are not reliable.

Step 3 Prepare Bibliography Cards for your outline formation. Get a set of white cards where you can jot down bibliography information to use in your summary writing.

Step 4 Get several sets of note cards! These are very useful to note down all relevant information in pertinent paragraphs, make sure you arrange relevant and connected ideas in one paragraph and one note card. Put in the bibliography and references too so that you not have a coherent outline of all of the information you want in your essay.

Step 5 Prepare an Outline by dividing your note cards into separate groups. Divide the note cards into connected and coherent topics, subtopics, details, as well as sub details after you've read through the details on them. You can also shuffle them around to get a better idea of what happens when you move paragraphs and ideas around.

Step 6 Write A Rough Draft using this note card outline. These note cards now contain you entire term paper summary outline. You can use it to write several rough drafts of you research paper and review it several times. You can also specialized software available online which will prepare the outline for you in a few minutes when you put in the required ideas.

Step 7 Make sure you have several Rough Drafts ready. Always spell check your grammar and spelling before you do get your rough drafts sent in for approval to your professor.

Step 8 Prepare Your Bibliography in detail. List the information from your bibliography cards in the relevant areas as you have sorted them. This is necessary as most professors will definitely check sources and references to understand your term paper.

Step 9 Prepare title pages and table of contents. The title page will be the very first page which has your name, your professor's name, and your project details on it. The table of contents will have the topics, central subtopics, as well the page numbers for the ideas.

Step 10 Final Check- Make sure that you have everything in order and if you have the research paper outline ready for submission too. a few professors may want to take a look at your outline much before you submit your term paper to get an idea of how you are progressing.

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